Abstract

This study investigates how tangible heritage elements—specifically architecture, water systems, streetscapes, and natural landmarks—
contribute to Hongcun’s identity as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and how these elements are perceived and valued by local residents. A two-stage methodology was employed: first, a spatial case study was conducted to analyze the formal characteristics and cultural functions of key heritage components; second, a structured quantitative survey captured community perceptions across four value dimensions: ontological integrity, cultural landscape significance, community relevance, and aesthetic appeal. Findings indicate that elements such as Lexutang, Lunar Swamp, and Shuizheng are not only architecturally and historically significant but also serve as emotionally and socially embedded landmarks in everyday village life. The heritage elements that were attached or embedded with preservation quality and symbolism would always be the favorites to the residents, signifying the essence of promoting lived experience and spatial continuity in the valuation of heritage. The research confirms the necessity of integrative place-based conservation policies, which embodies the professional and communal interpretations of the cultural values.